China’s Population Declines for Third Consecutive Year, Highlighting Demographic Crisis

For the third year in a row, China’s population has declined, raising concerns about the country’s demographic future. According to government figures released on Friday, China’s population stood at 1.408 billion at the end of 2024, marking a decrease of 1.39 million from the previous year.

The ongoing decline reflects broader demographic trends seen across East Asia, with countries like Japan and South Korea also experiencing plummeting birth rates. Rising living costs, delayed marriage and childbearing, and the pursuit of higher education and careers among young people are key factors contributing to this shift. While life expectancy continues to rise, it has not been enough to offset the declining birth rate, leading to a shrinking population and an aging society.

China’s demographic challenges are compounded by a lack of significant immigration, which could help mitigate the effects of a declining workforce. The country’s strict population control policies, such as the notorious one-child policy implemented in the late 20th century, have had long-term repercussions on its population structure.

Historically, China has been one of the world’s most populous nations, with a population that grew rapidly after World War II. However, after the rise of the Communist Party in 1949, population control measures were put in place to address concerns over food security and economic sustainability. The one-child policy, introduced in 1979, became infamous for its harsh enforcement, including forced abortions and sterilizations, and fines for violators. Despite its relaxation in recent years, the legacy of these policies continues to affect China’s demographic landscape.

The country’s ongoing population decline poses significant challenges to its economic growth, as a shrinking and aging workforce could lead to labor shortages and increased social welfare costs.